Probably, for any construction organization, the highest degree of success is the construction of the first apartment building, and later - an entire residential complex of several multi-storey buildings. But not everyone succeeds in turning such an idea into reality. And it’s not just the high cost of such a large-scale project. Investments in the construction of an apartment building are, of course, very impressive. But the main problem is obtaining a building permit from the administration of the district where the building is planned to be erected. As well as summing up all communications.

What is such a structure?

If you don’t go into terms and speak in simple and understandable language, then the description will be as follows. An apartment building is a building within which owners and legal entities own rooms, apartments or commercial space. In such a building there must be two or more apartments at the same time. Each of them must have its own exit to the street or to a common area (to the corridor or staircase).

In addition to apartments or rooms, such a house (usually on the ground floor) may contain non-residential commercial premises. They are used as offices, shops, reception areas. Also in an apartment building there are common areas - corridors, landings, elevators, stairs, balconies and terraces. From the definition, let's move on to the main stages. And let's start with the most important thing.

Selecting a land plot for the construction of an apartment building

Let's turn to experienced construction companies for help and see what they first of all pay attention to when searching for land for future construction. Firstly, the proximity of urban heat, water and electricity networks. That is, the minimum necessary for a comfortable stay.

Secondly, the availability of telephone networks and cables for connecting the Internet and television. Today, most people cannot imagine their lives without these benefits of civilization, and would never buy an apartment where leading Internet providers have not yet laid cables. The closer to the site of future construction all the necessary communications are located, the lower the cost per square meter will be. This means that potential buyers will be able to count on the most favorable prices. And you, in turn, will be able to sell or rent everything out faster.

Thirdly, the presence of urban infrastructure near the construction site of an apartment building plays a huge role. Remember that the proximity of tram lines, bus stops, metro stations, shopping and cultural organizations seriously influence the final cost of future apartments. But at the same time, a plot of land somewhere in the city center, where there are all the benefits of civilization, will cost you very much. The ideal option is new areas with developed infrastructure on the outskirts of the city. But that's not all.

Each city has its own urban planning plan, according to which land development will be carried out in the next few years. The following follows from this. It is much easier to obtain permission to build an apartment building in those areas where the urban planning plan provides for the construction of residential buildings in the next few years. It’s even easier for construction companies that build houses under government orders. In this case, it is much easier to obtain all the necessary permits (and there are about fifty of them!) for construction.

Second stage – topography and geological examination

With the help of topographic survey and geological study of the area where the future house will be located, the following is determined:

Soil condition and properties.
Possible degree of shrinkage of the structure.
The depth of groundwater.
Important components of the terrain of the area.
Weather and climatic conditions.

All this is necessary for the correct design of the future home, selection of the most suitable building and finishing materials. Upon completion of all surveys and examinations carried out by specialized organizations, you receive a full report that will be used at the next stage.

Preparing a house project

At the previous stages, the most difficult thing was obtaining all kinds of permits and coordinating numerous issues with self-government bodies. But design is the most important step before the actual construction of an apartment building. At this stage, you will need the help of real professionals - architects, designers, engineers, planners. The success of the entire campaign depends only on them.

At the design stage, a design project of the future house, the surrounding area and interior spaces (including the layout of apartments) is created. The tasks of designers include not just developing the appearance of the building, the courtyard area and the “insides” of the building. It is important that the appearance of an apartment building fits well into the urban landscape. It is necessary to take into account the urban planning plan so that in a few years your house does not look like a black sheep. And the view from apartment windows, for which residents are willing to pay more, may worsen when new buildings are built in front of the house. All this should be taken into account at the design stage.

Construction of an apartment building and landscaping of the courtyard area

So we got to the most important thing. At this stage, the construction organization erects the building of the house, carries out and connects the necessary communications, and carries out the initial or complete finishing of the apartments. We think it goes without saying that choosing a contractor should be taken very seriously.

After the house is erected, they usually move on to improving the surrounding area. Parking lots for cars, playgrounds are being laid out, car parks are being built, lawns and trees are being planted. The better a home is landscaped, the more attractive it is to potential buyers. And the cost of apartments in such a building increases significantly.

Speaking of prices, and in general about the benefits of this type of business. Building a house itself is far from the most expensive part of this process. It is very expensive to collect all the necessary papers, and to install and connect city communications. But even this does not prevent developers from grabbing a fat piece of the pie.

According to experts, the total cost of one square meter of an apartment, even in a very good house, does not exceed 23-25 thousand rubles. As for prices for finished apartments, they rarely fall below 35-40 thousand rubles per square meter. And, more often than not, there is not one, but several dozen apartments in the building. Based on this, you can assess the real prospects of this type of business.

For many people, a country house is something like a cherished dream - the prospect of taking a break from the bustle of the city in a cozy corner seems quite rosy. Moreover, you want not only to purchase a ready-made building with a landscaped garden plot, but to create the estate of your dreams, in which all your wishes regarding design and layout will be correctly embodied. There is only one thing left to do - transfer your ideas to paper, and only then, having drawn up a house project and determined its location on the site, bring it to life (engage in the actual construction of the house). If regarding the second point, by definition, there can be no doubt about the need for third-party help - even if you are a professional builder, you will not be able to build the right mansion yourself, but the costs of hiring an architect can be eliminated. How can design and construction be made cheaper? Yes, it’s very simple - it’s quite possible to do the work yourself, even without any special skills in creating a private house project. Designing a house (drawing it on paper schematically) is actually not that difficult!

What should you consider when designing your own home yourself?

The most important thing is that the house construction project you develop is created based on the following principles:

Multiple functionality - that is, the house built according to this project will be convenient and practical in all respects. A do-it-yourself house project should be no worse than an architect’s;

Simplicity of design - it will not be difficult to design a house only if it does not involve any frills. The creation of some particularly complex project, the implementation of which will require a huge amount of creative delights, is highly discouraged for a person who does not have a special education, because some fundamentally important things may not be taken into account;

Aesthetics - of course, a country house should look beautiful and please the eyes of its owners. The design of a reliable house should also be spectacular!

Remember - if the project is created taking into account these principles, then it will be very good in life. Again, we are talking about a rather primitive independent structure - an amateur would not design a premium-class cottage. Only an architect should be involved in designing houses of this level - beginners here very often make mistakes.

Geological exploration of the house site

Where does “do-it-yourself home project work” begin? First of all, when working on a house project yourself, it is necessary to conduct a geological exploration of the site - assess the nature of the terrain, soil and find out the groundwater level. The best time of year for this is spring, then their level is as high as possible and it is possible to determine this indicator with maximum reliability. It is very important to do this based on the fact that this indicator is of greatest importance when laying the foundation of a private house.

To determine the depth of groundwater, we recommend contacting a specialist

Start designing a house

For a clear example, our editors used the free demo version of the Visicon program. But all the steps can be performed on a regular sheet of paper. For example, a simple project of a two-story house 10 m x 10 m was chosen

To design houses, you will need to “arm yourself” with an ordinary checkered notebook sheet and a pencil, while setting the appropriate scale. The most rational thing to do in this situation would be to do the following: ten meters of land should be designated by two squares. Thus, one centimeter on a ruler will equal 1 meter in real life - the ratio is one to one hundred.

Step 1: draw the outline of the house on a notebook sheet using a ruler and pencil on a scale of 1:100, i.e. 1 cm on paper is equal to 1 meter

Drawing on paper the outline of the site itself, as well as future buildings. In this case, all work must be carried out in strict accordance with the correct scale - by carefully measuring every meter on the ground and putting it on paper in accordance with dimensions one to a thousand, you ensure the reliability and aesthetics of the building being constructed. You can draw a project this way very quickly. It is imperative to take into account not only the contours of the site allocated for design and construction, but also all the objects located on the site that were there even before its planned construction, and at the same time there is no possibility of moving them. After this, it will be possible to begin designing the building itself - to simplify the task, we will assume that the designed house will consist of four rooms, a kitchen and two bathrooms (standard housing for a family of several people).

Basement/foundation

A few words regarding the design of the basement. It should be noted that it is not always necessary. For example, if the groundwater is high, then this will be a very expensive pleasure - it will be much easier to include another room in the project - as an additional room.

First floor project

We draw the vestibule and the hallway on the sketch - and from there there will be transitions to the kitchen and other rooms. The location of the premises must take into account the following points:

The bathroom and kitchen should be placed in close proximity to each other - thanks to this location it will be much easier to carry out communications;

It’s very good if the drawn up project implies the absence of passage rooms - this is an integral element of comfort;

On the ground floor, it is necessary to take into account the presence of all auxiliary structures and premises - their location will be very important not only to ensure the functional suitability of the house, but also for the comfortable movement of residents.

Step 2: draw all the rooms and premises of the first floor with the required size

After this, we arrange and plan all the doors of our house

Step 3: designing doors on the first floor

Then windows, taking into account the desired lighting of the rooms and your budget

Step 4: designing windows on the first floor

As a result, we get this first floor:

This is how the 3D model of the first floor turned out

Drawing the second floor

Here everything will be much easier - after all, the rooms in the house can be located identically (the most important thing is not to change the relative position of the bathrooms - in order not to complicate communications). It will be enough to design the location of the front door (many architects recommend making two entrances to the second floor - at home and from the street) and windows.

Step 5: We plan the premises of the second floor in the same way. Don’t forget about communications - we place the bathrooms and bathrooms one below the other

Step 6: Place the Doors

Step 7: draw the second floor windows

We received this 3D model of the second floor

Attic and roof design

We decided to create a house project ourselves - there would be no need to try to draw some kind of too “abstruse” roof with a lot of bends. Remember - the roof is one of the most important structural components in the house, and trying to create additional aesthetics by questioning its reliability is certainly not worth it. All this will lead to leaks occurring at the bends. If you are drawing a project, please adhere to the principles of minimalism in architecture.

To design such a roof, you cannot do without an architect.

Dependency of designing a house with insulation

There is one very important rule - all auxiliary premises must be built on the north side. Despite the fact that thermal insulation performed using building materials is of paramount importance, the relative position of the rooms should also not be overlooked - if only because of the savings in energy consumption for heating the house.

Approval of the project to begin construction

The need to adjust the project. Even if you yourself were able to depict the house of your dreams on paper, you will still need to consult with specialists before starting construction of the house - the opinion of a competent foreman or architect will not be superfluous. At a minimum, the following points will need to be agreed upon:

Electrical installation;

Conducting your own sewerage system;

Carrying out water supply;

It is necessary to understand that all the above issues are not an artistic or architectural part of the project. These are all the most routine issues, a competent approach to solving which is provided only by professionals in their field. As a last resort, any oversight in independently drawing up a house project, which was made by a person who does not have a specialized education, can be corrected by a competent foreman who understands the practical side of any idea much better. Although even if the project is drawn up by professional architects, purely practical shortcomings cannot be ruled out.

Independent work on a house project and its advantages

You can create the design of your house yourself - in order to develop drawings of the relative position of certain rooms, as well as determine the place of the house on the site, you do not need special knowledge. A competent and responsible approach to business will ensure the success of your event. However, in terms of communications, it will be necessary to consult with professionals. This way you can properly plan a house that will serve you faithfully.

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Few people know what stages of construction of an apartment building precede the emergence of new “giants” that provide housing for hundreds, or even thousands, of people. At first glance, the creation of such objects is a simple process, including the preparation of documents, the construction of the building and the subsequent finishing of the apartments. In practice, building a house is a complex process with many nuances and difficulties that the developer has to overcome. Below we will consider the stages of construction of an apartment building and the features of this work.

The first step is to find a suitable site for the construction of a new facility. When choosing, the developer focuses on two main criteria:

Proximity to city infrastructure. The best option is to build a residential building closer to the center, where there is everything necessary for a comfortable stay (shops, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and other facilities). But the closer the site is to the central part, the higher the cost of land, and it is more difficult to obtain permission.

Buying a plot of land outside the city allows you to save money and process documents faster, but difficulties arise with the sale of apartments. People are in no hurry to purchase real estate in places where there is no normal transport connection and no necessary infrastructure. Accordingly, the cost of one “square” of housing is reduced.

Possibility of communication. The next important point is the proximity of telephone lines, heat supply, electrical and gas networks. If the new building has autonomous heating, the issue of connecting to the central heating main is resolved by itself. At the same time, it is still necessary to draw water to the house, install supports for supplying electricity, connect gas, and so on. All this increases the cost of construction and complicates the project.

The next “stumbling block” is the urban planning plan, taking into account which the city is being developed. Construction companies have to go through real “circles of hell” to get approval for the construction of a multi-storey building, and the total number of permits when constructing a facility near the city center can amount to several dozen.

The easiest way is to obtain a building permit in an area where there are still few new buildings, and the master plan provides for the construction of several houses. The process of obtaining a permit is also simplified when municipal authorities act as the customer for the construction. But here we are talking about multi-storey buildings with economy-class apartments intended for low-income families.

Carrying out topographic survey and geological examination

At the next stage of construction, a topographic survey is carried out, thanks to which it is possible to solve two issues - to accurately determine the coordinates of the location of the future multi-apartment residential building, as well as the characteristics of the area. In addition, conducting a topographic survey is an opportunity to find out the depth of groundwater, as well as assess the quality of the land plot, the likelihood of soil shrinkage after laying the foundation and the reality of the construction of the facility as a whole.

Carrying out geological examination and topographic survey - work that involves companies with special permission. Upon completion of the activities, employees of such an organization submit a report to the developer. The document reflects the following information:

Soil composition, its geological structure and physical characteristics.
Features of the terrain.
Meteorological and climatic parameters.
Other data on the land plot.

Carrying out the measures considered allows us to accurately determine the technology for constructing the facility, as well as choose the right building materials. If the groundwater on the land is at great depth or there is complex terrain, the use of special construction techniques is required.

Design

After carrying out a topographical survey and geological examination, you can proceed to the next stage - drawing up a project for a future apartment building. The future layout of the apartments, the size of the living space, as well as the appearance of the property depend on the correctness of its implementation.

The project of the future house is developed taking into account current building codes, climatic conditions, sanitary requirements and the seismological situation. For example, in sanitary legislation, key attention is paid to the quality of ventilation and lighting. As for thermal insulation, the need for additional finishing of the facade will be determined taking into account the average annual temperature.

When developing a project, many factors are taken into account, including the location of communications. Here, developers of project documentation have to take into account many requirements (including in the environmental sector), as well as environmental features.

The main difficulty in developing a project is the need to coordinate it with architectural and construction organizations. It is this stage that takes the “lion’s” share of time.

If an apartment building has a height of 22 floors or more, an additional calculation of the load on the foundation and determination of the resistance of load-bearing elements is required. When creating a project, specialists must take into account the characteristics of not only the territory where construction is taking place, but also the development plan for nearby areas.

The result of the construction of an apartment building, its reliability, safety and external attractiveness depend on the correctness of the drafting of the project, as well as checking the documents for compliance with the requirements. A project declaration must be drawn up, which provides information about the developer and the facility.

Construction

The actual construction of a residential multi-storey building takes place in several stages. Let's look at these stages in detail:

Preparing the site for construction

The developer carries out preliminary work that allows the construction of the facility to begin. This includes fencing the area to prevent entry by unauthorized persons, clearing the land area of trees, structures or buildings (if any), as well as re-equipping utility networks that interfere with construction activities.

At the same stage, the developer organizes routes for transport access, thinks through the nuances of laying communications, provides systems for protection from rainwater, and installs household and administrative premises.

Marking the axes of the house

This stage of construction is extremely important and requires accurate calculations, as well as careful verification of the results obtained. Even small deviations can lead to a number of consequences that cannot be corrected. In the marking process, new types of measuring instruments are used, which are highly accurate.

Excavation

A special feature of this stage is the preparation of the pit for subsequent laying of the foundation. Work is also underway to create trenches for supplying communications. When constructing an apartment building with a large number of floors, the volume of earthworks is large, so special equipment is used - excavators and bulldozers.

Laying the foundation

At the heart of any multi-storey structure is a foundation, the quality of which determines the reliability, strength and, accordingly, the lifespan of the finished building. The base takes on the greatest load, so when drawing up a project, maximum attention is paid to it.

The type of foundation used depends on the soil. For example, when constructing a multi-story building, it may be necessary to add sand or gravel. The main work at this stage is pouring concrete capable of supporting a high-rise structure.

Construction of external walls

The duration and complexity of this stage depends on the chosen technology. There are plenty of options - erecting a building from brick, using reinforced concrete panels or building using monolithic technology. The latter option is in greatest demand due to its simplicity, reliability and high speed of construction.

Communications supply

As noted above, trenches for communications are prepared at the excavation stage. At this stage, gas, water and electricity supply elements are laid. Work on the supply of sewerage and other utility networks is also carried out here.

Roof arrangement

The volume and complexity of the work depends on the type of roof chosen. Modern multi-storey buildings often have a usable type of roof with the possibility of arranging a winter garden at the top. This, in turn, increases the cost of construction.

Final stages

At the final stage, the following work is performed:

Creation of internal partitions - dividing the house into apartments, taking into account the previously drawn up project, as well as equipping the building with elevators.
Installation of windows and installation of metal doors in the apartments of future residents.
Arrangement of internal communications - installation of electrical wiring, sewerage, water and gas supply systems, installation of water and gas meters.
Floor screed. During the work process, a sand-concrete composition is used, and after pouring, the surface is leveled.
Interior finishing can be rough or finishing. Many construction companies sell housing with rough finishing, which allows them to reduce the cost of apartments. If the developer carries out a full scope of work, you can immediately move into the resulting property, but the price will be higher.
Exterior finishing - facade treatment, as well as renovation of common areas. When selling apartments with rough finishing, common areas (hall, entrance, staircases) must be completely ready for use.

Arrangement of the local area

The last stage of construction involves landscaping the area near the apartment building. This allows you to solve two problems - comply with the requirements of urban planning regulations and attract potential buyers.

The complex of works for arranging the adjacent area includes planting flower beds and greenery, installing a children's playground near the house, laying paving slabs and creating access roads for transport. Street lighting and parking near the building are also being installed. Elite class houses may have underground parking, a swimming pool and other amenities.

Results

From the above it is clear that the construction of an apartment building includes many stages, and the process itself requires a lot of time. Developers note that the greatest difficulties arise at the stage of creating and approving a project, collecting documents and obtaining permission. To speed up construction and reduce the final cost of the project, standard designs are often used.

The project declaration for the construction of an apartment building includes a huge amount of different information, the analysis of which can give a potential shareholder an understanding of the reliability of the developer and the approximate appearance of the future house. Read about what data is included in the project declaration and how to determine whether a particular borrower should be trusted.

An agreement on shared participation in the construction of an apartment building is the main document regulating the relationship between the parties when purchasing housing in projects under construction. Registration of relations on the basis of any other document can seriously complicate the life of the shareholder in the future. However, having an equity participation agreement, you also cannot lose sight of some of the nuances that are described in this article.

Construction of apartment buildings

Any construction company is worthy of respect if it is engaged in the construction of individual or apartment buildings, which in the future will be transformed into a huge housing complex of many multi-storey buildings. But not everyone succeeds in bringing such an idea to life. The problem is not only the high cost of the project, but also the difficulties of obtaining consent from the district authorities for the construction of apartment buildings.

In order not to dive into complex terminology, but to speak in simple language, the definition will be as follows. A multi-storey building is a structure in the middle of which private individuals or legal entities are given the right to own rooms, apartments or commercial areas. In such a building there can be two or more apartments at the same time. In addition, each of them has its own personal exit to the courtyard or to rooms for general use, for example, to the landing or to the corridor.

In addition to apartments or rooms, this building (most often on the 1st floor) can accommodate non-residential retail premises. Such areas are used as shops, business offices, and reception areas. And also in a multi-storey building there are premises for common use, stairs and corridors, balconies and loggias, elevators and landings.

The construction of an apartment building can be divided into several stages. These stages imply that the work is carried out efficiently and professionally, because a high-rise structure is a very complex structure, the main criterion of which is to ensure safety measures for residents. Also an important factor will be the creation of comfortable living conditions and the supply of all necessary utilities.

Selection of land area for development

The initial stage in the construction of this structure will be the selection of land area for construction. The selection of a site is carried out according to the plan for the formation of an urban building.

The easiest way would be to obtain land within the city, where there are a small number of houses and the construction of additional residential buildings is planned. The same cannot be said about the city center; the main multi-storey buildings there are located quite densely.

When building multi-storey buildings it is important:

Firstly, you need to take into account the presence of telephone wires for connecting to the Internet and TV. After all, today modern people cannot imagine life without such revolutionary technologies. The closer the required communications are, the lower the initial cost per square meter will be.
Secondly, urban infrastructure plays a significant role in human life. It should be remembered that the close proximity of bus and trolleybus stops, metro stations and supermarkets significantly increases the cost of future apartments.

However, this is not all. Any city has its own urban planning plan, according to which construction is carried out in the next few years. It turns out that it is much easier to obtain the right to build residential apartment buildings in the area where construction will be planned in a certain number of years. And it will be even easier for those construction companies that carry out state special orders.

To avoid cooling and freezing of the external walls of the apartment, experts recommend covering them with insulation.

Once you have obtained permission to build the selected site, you can proceed to the next stage of construction of a multi-storey building. This stage will include geological research and topographic survey of the land area. At this stage it is determined:

proximity to groundwater
general soil condition
climatic conditions
important features of the territory's topography

Based on geological research data, a conclusion is drawn about which technologies and materials to use for construction.

At the design stage, a design plan is carried out for a multi-storey building, as well as the adjacent area and internal rooms, in particular the layout of apartments. Design is the most important step before constructing an apartment building.

The goal of the designers will be the difficult development of the design of the building and surrounding area. It is important that the external interior blends into the city landscape. It will be extremely unpleasant for the residents of the house if the walls of the new building are visible outside their window. It is necessary to follow the urban planning plan in order to avoid such shortcomings.

During the design process, the laying of utility networks is also developed. Details. Read about the features of laying water pipes during the construction of multi-storey buildings in this article.

Construction of an apartment building and landscaping of the surrounding area

The third stage in the process of building a house is the construction of an apartment building. It is necessary to finish the facades and interior rooms. At this stage, the help of professional experts in the field of architecture, design, engineering, and engineering will be useful. The building should be connected to the heating, sewer and water supply networks. Telephone communications are connected to the house, and power supply cables are installed to them.

Landscaping consists of the following points:

Laying sidewalks.
Construction of underground or above-ground car parking.
Installation of children's playgrounds.

The better the home is landscaped, the more attractive it will be to buyers.

The construction of multi-apartment buildings in itself is not the most expensive part of finances. It will be very expensive to collect all the necessary documents and connect city communications. But with all this, developers manage to make good money from this business.

Upon completion of construction and facing work, the construction company hands over the house for operation. Thus, the construction project of an apartment building will depend on many aspects.

Recently, fewer and fewer people want to live in a cramped and stuffy city, preferring to move to their own country house. It would seem, what problems? You just need to sell your apartment and buy real estate outside the city. But this property, alas, costs several times more than the largest apartment.

Don’t despair, there is a way out - to build a house on your own. If you look at it, there is nothing complicated in building a house; the main thing is to draw up an action plan and strictly follow it.

The problem of cheap housing is becoming more and more urgent. Many scientists have worked on it, and some have achieved some success. Among them, it is worth noting Berok Khoshnevis, a professor from the United States who developed a 3D printer. This device is capable of building a house with a total area of 300 m² in one day. Agree, not even the most experienced team is able to invest in such a time frame.

But a 3D printer (in fact, as well as its operation) is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. Therefore, during construction, it is more advisable to use a less expensive way to save money - use cheap building materials.

Cheap house with your own hands: where to start?

Let’s immediately make a reservation that unauthorized construction must be legalized and you need to register it as property. To do this as quickly as possible, follow all government standards. First of all, draw up a competent plan of the site and the future house (it is better to entrust this matter to a qualified architect). In this regard, utilities are distributed, the method of pouring the foundation and building materials are selected. Having a plan in hand, you can easily bring your inexpensive home project to life.

In addition, during preparatory work, determine the order of construction. It will look something like this:

pouring the foundation;
construction of a “box” of a house;
carrying out all necessary communications;
laying the floor;
roof construction (preferably in autumn or spring).

By following simple technology, you can easily build a cozy, inexpensive home.

Stage one: foundation of the house

Step 1. First of all, decide what type of foundation is suitable for the soil in your area. Dig a meter-long hole; if the soil is sandy, clayey or rocky, and there is no water at the bottom, then you can safely build a strip foundation approximately 70-80 cm deep. But if there is still water, then the depth of the base should exceed 1 m.

Step 2. Then remove the top layer of soil and mark the perimeter. Based on the markings, dig a trench of the required depth and fill the bottom with a sand cushion.

Step 3. Build formwork using boards or plywood. Then mix the foundation mortar using cement, crushed stone and coarse sand. In this case, the thicker the solution, the stronger the base (ideally, the consistency should be like thick sour cream). Make the width of the foundation 20 cm larger than the width of the walls. Be sure to reinforce it with metal reinforcement.

Step 4. Install a waterproofing layer - this will prevent the formation of cracks on the foundation and, therefore, increase its service life. Use roofing felt for this, laying it in two layers at ground level. After this, build the base to the required height.

Step 5. After the insulating layer, lay the foundation with concrete blocks or bricks. Make ventilation holes in two walls opposite each other to prevent increased humidity in the floor. Then give the structure a little time to dry and lay waterproofing (here you can use any available material).

Note! The final drying and shrinkage of the foundation will occur only a few months after construction, so do not rush to build the walls.

Stage two: walls

There are two ways to build walls.

A more reliable and, accordingly, more expensive method is to build reinforced columns in the corners of the future house. Collect the reinforcement rods into a “bundle”, install them in the corners and fill them with concrete. In this case, you first need to build wooden formwork and only then start pouring.
If you cannot use the first method for one reason or another, then when building walls, simply strengthen them with reinforcement.

For walls, use one of the following materials:

foam concrete;
brick;
shell rock;
adobe;
clay and glass bottles.

The cheapest of them is foam concrete, but it will not allow the walls to “breathe”. Shell rock is more expensive, but it is what experts recommend when building inexpensive houses. In this case, window and door openings will need strengthening, so equip them with metal corners.

The already finished “box” needs to be insulated. Use glass wool and brick for this. Lay the brick on the outside of the “box” so that there is a small gap between it and the shell rock. Fill this gap with glass wool - such material will not only insulate the house, but also protect it from the penetration of insects and rodents.

Note! Not all partitions can use drywall or brick. In the central part of the house there should always be load-bearing walls, built taking into account the running communications (that is, with space left for them).

For load-bearing partitions, use metal profiles - install them, cover them with plasterboard and plaster them.

Stage three: communications

Any house, even the cheapest one, needs water supply, heating and other communications. In this case, all communications must be carried out in advance by agreeing with specialists - this will guarantee the safety and correctness of installation.

Heating

Use a gas boiler as a heat generator. This will significantly reduce heating costs, especially in winter. And due to the fact that the cold comes mainly from the ground, give preference to a “warm floor” - make it from plastic pipes and fill it with a concrete screed. This way you will heat the entire house, but if this does not seem enough, then install the main heating system.

Another heating option is alternative, based on the use of solar and wind energy. By building a solar battery with your own hands, you will not freeze in your home even in winter.

Water supply, sewer system

Lay both communications before finishing and pouring the floor. Decide in advance on the location of rooms and household appliances that need drainage, and lay the pipes in accordance with the plan.

If central sewerage and water supply are not available, you should think about building a small septic tank, for example, from Eurocubes or concrete rings, as well as water supply. You can build a well or drill a well as a source of water. However, the second option will hit your pocket hard.

Stage four: floor

Upon completion of installation of communications, fill the floor with concrete screed. Then cover with any suitable material - linoleum, tiles, laminate, etc. However, it is recommended to use tiles as the most practical and damage-resistant material. It is easy to clean, and when using “warm floors” it will never be cold. Moreover, you can choose the cheapest tiles and cover them with cozy paths.

Stage five: roof and ceiling

At this stage of work, build a concrete belt around the walls to secure the beams. Then, having laid the beams, fill the bottom with boards. When building a two-story house, it is better to use concrete slabs for the floor.

For the roof, first assemble the facing grid - this is necessary in any case, regardless of the roofing material you choose. The lattices can differ only in the different spacing of the beams. It is recommended to use one of the following materials (due to financial considerations):

ondulin;
metal tiles;
corrugated sheeting;
slate.

Eco-friendly materials include wood, straw, and reeds.

Whatever material you choose, the roof must be insulated. Use glass wool for this - this is the most affordable and easiest to install material.

Completion of construction. Interior arrangement

Construction of the roof is the last stage of building a house. Next, you can begin interior decoration. There are a lot of technologies and methods for interior arrangement; almost all existing design projects can be implemented with your own hands at low cost.

In a word, everything depends only on the richness of your imagination. Stretch ceilings can be an excellent option - having a relatively low cost, they visually expand the free space with their glossy finish. They perfectly reflect light, creating an extraordinary effect.

Arches and openings also look good in the interior (they can be easily assembled from plasterboard and metal profiles, or use wood and clay). Cover the walls with textured wallpaper (painted wallpaper, as they are also called), which you can make yourself. Various plasters are quite cheap. Decorating a house with wood looks great.

If you approach the matter competently and with soul, then building and arranging your own family nest will not cost much. The main thing is to clearly know what you can save on and what it is better not to do.

What you can't save on

Don't skimp on technical supervision. Read at least a thousand articles on construction, but without experience you will still not be able to control the quality and understand the essence of construction work. Engage an engineer or an experienced builder - in general, someone you trust.
Don't skimp on communications. Heating, water supply, access to the yard, etc. are necessary elements of a comfortable life. Don't neglect any of the systems!
Do not skimp on the project - it must be drawn up by a specialist, taking into account the climatic conditions of your area. Be sure to tie the project to specific construction conditions. Thus, it often happens that the developer did not want to pay the designers for tying the foundation, having listened to the advice of the contractor (who the more expensive, the better), as a result of which the foundation was created with too large a margin of safety. Binding will minimize the cost of building the foundation of the house.

We also note that construction and design should be carried out by different people with different opinions and interests. This will allow you to make the right decision and avoid unnecessary expenses.

How to build an apartment building. How to build your own house with your own hands and how to do it cheaper